The recent convictions of Steve Wright and Mark Dixie, using DNA evidence, have increased the clamour for a national DNA database. Many police officers, some journalists and even a few bloggers argue that a database of everyone's DNA would make it easier and quicker for the police to catch violent criminals.
It probably would but a DNA database isn't the panacea that some are making it out to be. DNA profiling is not foolproof; there can sometimes be mis-matches. There have also been cases where a person's DNA has been found at a crime scene by chance. Where computerised data is seen as holding all the answers, it creates a mentality where few stop to question its validity. As long as "Computer says Yes", the everyone is happy, apart from the person desperately trying to protest his innocence.
A national DNA database would also be extremely expensive. It would require the creation of a national database of all people resident in the UK, similar to that being proposed for the identity cards system.
For now, the government has dismissed the idea of compulsory DNA profiling but this is probably due to political expediency. There are MPs on both sides who favour such a measure and it will almost certainly be proposed again soon.
While I sympathise with some of the points of principle raised by civil libertarians about the relationship between the citizen and the state and presumptions of guilt and innocence, I have deeper concerns about giving my DNA profile away to...., well, to anyone actually.
Whether or not you agree with his political views, James Watson did us all a favour when he posted his DNA analysis on-line. It yielded information about his ancestry and about his genetic risk of disease, for example:
- Age-related macular degeneration (blindness) - 20% less than average
- Asthma - 31% less than average
- Breast cancer - 1.45 times greater than average
- Coeliac disease - 66% less than average
- Colon (bowel) cancer - 16% greater than average
- Glaucoma - 1.42 rimes greater than average
- Inflammatory bowel disease - 31% less than average
- Multiple sclerosis - 29% greater than average
- Heart attack - 33% less than average
- Obesity - 5% greater than average
- Prostate cancer - 1.02 times greater than average
- Psoriasis - 31% less than average
- Restless leg - 29% less than average
- Rheumatoid arthritis - 20% greater than average
- Type 1 diabetes - 65% less than average
- Type 2 diabetes - 33% greater than average
Now how useful would that sort of information be to life and medical insurance companies, or even to prospective employers?
Of course, if a national DNA database were to be established there would be all sorts of safeguards and guarantees of security. But given the number of occasions recently where the government has lost personal data, or even sold it to private organisations, how valid would these assurances be? A DNA database would have hundreds of users across the country. Any one of them could make a mistake or be bribed to pass on information. DNA data is already passed to private organisations for analysis. There is some evidence that one organisation, LGC, has set up its own DNA database as a result. How secure is this data in their hands?
Data protection legislation could be tightened up to ensure that people were able to find out if insurance companies had their DNA information. However, to ask for a disclosure about your data, you have to know which company is holding it in the first place. DNA data could be held by separate companies in countries outside UK or EU jurisdiction. If companies can set up offshore entities to avoid tax and financial regulation, they can do it to avoid data protection legislation too.
The first you'd know about it would be when one insurance company after another turned you down for life or medical insurance. The companies involved would deny that they held your DNA data and they would be telling the truth. Your data and the resulting risk assessment would be held on a system somewhere in Equatorial Guinea. The insurance companies would just need to access it as and when they needed the information.
Private detectives and criminals might find a person's DNA profile useful too.
A paranoid vision of the future? Perhaps, but as Joel Bakan said in his book, "The Corporation", companies will always try to privatise profits and socialise costs. If the insurance industry could get the UK taxpayer to fund a database that would enable it to mitigate its risks, a few quid to bribe someone for the results would be money well spent.
There is too much information on a person that can be gleaned from DNA. I would not be happy giving this information to anyone. I do not trust the state to keep this information secure and I do not trusts the state's agents not to sell it to those who would misuse it. Sure, most of the police and civil servants who would have access to such a system would be honest, but it would only take a few to be open to bribes or blackmail and the whole system would leak.
A DNA database might help catch a few more violent criminals more quickly but these potential benefits are outweighed by the consequences of putting such sensitive information onto a computer.
I'm glad that Steve Wright and Mark Dixie were caught and I feel sorry for the families of their victims. I wish the police every success in apprehending such people in the future.
All the same, I'm not a violent criminal and I haven't done anything wrong. For the reasons I've just given, I'd like to keep my DNA details to myself, please.
Recent Comments